Mongoose findByIdAndUpdate() Casting Error When Updating Posts with HTML Content

I’m currently learning Mongoose and ran into an issue with the findByIdAndUpdate() method. I have a form where I enter data, and this data is stored in a MongoDB database using Mongoose. Everything works fine when I manually enter the content and update it via the API.

However, when I copy and paste content from the web that contains HTML tags such as

, , etc., into the form and save it, the data is saved correctly to the database. But when I try to update this specific post, I encounter the following error:

Cast to ObjectId failed for value “undefined” (type string) at path “_id” for model “Post”.

I logged the formData._id and currentUser._id in the console, and it appears that formData._id is undefined, even though the post was saved in the database with a valid _id generated by MongoDB. This issue only happens with posts that contain HTML content, while others update without any problem.

Here’s the relevant part of code:

import { FileInput, Select, TextInput, Button, Alert } from 'flowbite-react'
import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import ReactQuill from 'react-quill';
import 'react-quill/dist/quill.snow.css';
import {getDownloadURL, getStorage, ref, uploadBytesResumable} from 'firebase/storage';
import { app } from '../firebase';
import {CircularProgressbar} from 'react-circular-progressbar' ;
import 'react-circular-progressbar/dist/styles.css';
import { useNavigate, useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';



export default function UpdatePost() {
    const [file, setFile] = useState(null);
    const [imageUploadProgress, setImageUploadProgress] = useState(null);
    const [imageUploadError, setImageUploadError] = useState(null);
    const [formData, setFormdata] = useState({});
    const [publishError, setPublishError] = useState(null);
    const {postId} = useParams();


    const navigate = useNavigate();
    const {currentUser} = useSelector(state => state.user);

    useEffect(() =>{
        try {
            const fetchPost = async () => {
                const res = await fetch(`/api/post/getposts?postId=${postId}`);
                const data = await res.json();
                
                if(!res.ok){
                    console.log(data.message);
                    setPublishError(data.message);
                    return;
                }
                if(res.ok) {
                    setPublishError(null);
                    setFormdata(data.posts[0]);
                    console.log("Fetched post data:", data.posts[0]);
                }
            };
            fetchPost();
        } catch (error) {
            console.log(error.message);
        }
    }, [postId])
    
    const handleUploadImage = async () => {
        try {
            if(!file){
                setImageUploadError('Please select an image');
                return;
            }
            setImageUploadError(null);
            const storage = getStorage(app)
            const fileName = new Date().getTime() + '-' + file.name;
            const storageRef = ref(storage, fileName);
            const uploadTask = uploadBytesResumable(storageRef, file);
            
            uploadTask.on('state_changed', (snapshot) => {
                const progress = (snapshot.bytesTransferred / snapshot.totalBytes) *100;
                setImageUploadProgress(progress.toFixed(0));
            }, (error) => {
                    setImageUploadError('Image upload fail!');
                    setImageUploadProgress(null);
                },
            () => {
                    getDownloadURL(uploadTask.snapshot.ref).then((DownloadURL) => {
                        setImageUploadProgress(null);
                        setImageUploadError(null);
                        setFormdata({...formData, image: DownloadURL});
                    });
                }
            );
        } catch (error) {
            setImageUploadError('Image upload failed');
            setImageUploadProgress(null);
            console.log(">>> Check error: ", error);
        }
    };
    
    const handleSubmit = async (event) => {
        event.preventDefault();
        console.log(">>> form data id: ",formData._id)
        console.log(">>> currentUser id: ", currentUser._id);
        try {
            const res = await fetch(`/api/post/updatepost/${formData._id}/${currentUser._id}`, {
                method: 'PUT',
                headers: {
                    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
                },
                body: JSON.stringify(formData),
            });
            const data = await res.json();
            if(!res.ok){
                setPublishError(data.message);
                return;
            }
            
            if(res.ok){
                setPublishError(null);
                navigate(`/post/${data.slug}`);
            }

        } catch (error) {
            setPublishError('Something went wrong');
        }
    }
  return (
    <div className='p-3 max-w-3xl mx-auto min-h-screen'>
        <h1 className='text-center text-3xl my-7 font-semibold '> 
            UPDATE YOUR POST
        </h1>
        <form className='flex flex-col gap-4 ' onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
            <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 sm:flex-row justify-between">
                <TextInput type='text' placeholder='Title' required id='title' className='flex-1'
                    onChange={(event) => setFormdata({...formData, title: event.target.value})}
                    value={formData.title}
                />
                <Select value={formData.category} onChange={(event) => setFormdata({...formData, category: event.target.value})}>
                    <option value='uncategorized'>Select a category</option>
                    <option value='javascript'>JavaScript</option>
                    <option value='reactjs'>React.js</option>
                    <option value='nextjs'>Next.js</option>

                </Select>
            </div>
            <div className="flex gap-4 items-center justify-between border-4 border-teal-300 border-dashed p-3">
                <FileInput type='file' accept='image/*' onChange={(event)=>setFile(event.target.files[0])}/>
                <Button type='button' gradientDuoTone='purpleToBlue' size='sm' outline onClick={handleUploadImage} disabled={imageUploadProgress}>
                    {
                        imageUploadProgress ? 
                            <div className="w-16 h-16">
                                <CircularProgressbar value={imageUploadProgress} text={`${imageUploadProgress||0}%`}/>
                            </div> :
                       ( 'Upload Image')
                    }
                </Button>
            </div>
                {
                    imageUploadError && (
                        <Alert color='failure'>
                            {imageUploadError}
                        </Alert>
                    )
                }
                {formData.image && (
                    <img src={formData.image} alt="upload" className='w-full h-72 object-cover'/>
                )}
                <ReactQuill required 
                            value={formData.content}
                            theme='snow' 
                            placeholder='Write something in your mind . . .' 
                            className='h-72 mb-12'
                            onChange={(value) => setFormdata({...formData, content: value})}            
                />
                <Button type='submit' gradientDuoTone='tealToLime'><div className="text-lg text-purple-800">Update</div></Button>
                {
                    publishError && <Alert color='failure' className='mt-5'>{publishError}</Alert>
                }
        </form>
    </div>
  )
}

My model:

import mongoose from "mongoose";


const postChema = new mongoose.Schema({
    userId: {
        type: String,
        required: true
    },
    content: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
    } ,
    title: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
        unique: true
    },
    image: {
        type: String,
        default: 'https://bs-uploads.toptal.io/blackfish-uploads/components/blog_post_page/8969409/cover_image/optimized/unnamed-76880e314ca9bcaa0e0e19be57d2e75d.png'
    },
    category: {
        type: String,
        default: 'uncategorized',
    },
    slug: {
        type: String,
        required: true,
        unique: true
    },
}, {timestamps:true});

const Post = mongoose.model('Post', postChema);
export default Post;

I also came across a solution where it’s suggested to use mongoose.Types.ObjectId to handle such issues, but I’m unsure how to apply this to my case, especially when dealing with data that includes HTML content.

My question is:

Why is formData._id becoming undefined when the post includes HTML content? How can I correctly update such posts without encountering this casting error?

The issue you’re encountering with formData._id being undefined when HTML content is involved might not directly relate to the content itself. Rather, it could be related to how you’re handling or passing the data, particularly if there’s any asynchronous behavior or unexpected mutation of formData.

Potential Causes:

  1. Asynchronous Issue in useEffect: When fetching post data in useEffect, if there’s a delay or an issue with the request, the form may render before the post data is fully loaded, causing formData._id to be undefined at the time of submission.
  2. Mutation or Resetting of formData: If the state formData is being unintentionally reset or cleared (perhaps due to HTML sanitization or form control), the _id might be lost.
  3. Handling HTML Content: Although saving HTML content itself should not affect _id, be cautious about how the HTML content might be affecting the state object if there’s any mutation happening during the process of saving or updating.

Solution Approach:

  1. Ensure _id is Properly Loaded in useEffect: Ensure the _id is being properly fetched and set in formData when loading the post data. You can log the _id after setting formData to verify it’s present:

js

useEffect(() =>{
    const fetchPost = async () => {
        try {
            const res = await fetch(`/api/post/getposts?postId=${postId}`);
            const data = await res.json();
            
            if(res.ok && data.posts[0]) {
                setFormdata(data.posts[0]);
                console.log("Fetched post _id:", data.posts[0]._id);
            } else {
                console.log("Error fetching post:", data.message);
            }
        } catch (error) {
            console.log("Error:", error.message);
        }
    };
    fetchPost();
}, [postId]);
  1. Ensure _id is Passed Correctly on Submit: Before making the update request, check if formData._id is correctly set and logged in the handleSubmit function.

js

const handleSubmit = async (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    console.log(">>> form data _id: ", formData._id);  // Ensure this is not undefined
    
    if (!formData._id) {
        setPublishError('Post ID is missing.');
        return;
    }
    
    try {
        const res = await fetch(`/api/post/updatepost/${formData._id}/${currentUser._id}`, {
            method: 'PUT',
            headers: {
                'Content-Type': 'application/json'
            },
            body: JSON.stringify(formData),
        });
        // Handle response...
    } catch (error) {
        setPublishError('Something went wrong');
    }
}
  1. Use mongoose.Types.ObjectId if Needed: You mentioned mongoose.Types.ObjectId, which can help validate or cast IDs if you’re encountering ObjectId issues. Ensure that when working with the _id, it’s always a valid ObjectId string.Example for checking _id type:

js

if (!mongoose.Types.ObjectId.isValid(formData._id)) {
    throw new Error("Invalid Post ID");
}